Indications: electrolyte imbalance, plasma isotonic fluid replacement, sodium and chloride depletion, hypochloremic alkalosis, vehicle solution for supplementary medication, externally for wound irrigation and moistening of wound dressings.

The hypertonic sodium chloride solution is used for reversal of refractory hypovolaemic shock.

Cautions: restrict intake in impaired renal function, cardiac failure, hypertension, peripheral and pulmonary oedema, toxemia of pregnancy.

Contra-indications: hyperhydration, hypernatremia, hypokalaemia, acidotic situations, hypertension.

Dose: By IV infusion, average dose, 1000ml/day.

Drop rate, 120-180 drops/minute corresponding to 360- 540ml/hour.

By mouth, prophylaxis of sodium chloride deficiency, 2.4-4.8 g (40-80 mmole) daily with water.

Chronic renal salt wasting, up to 12 g daily with appropriate fluid intake.

Oral rehydration therapy (ORS)

(with glucose and potassium chloride)