Indications: Reversal of hypotension from spinal or epidural anaesthesia.

Cautions: hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, susceptibility to angle-closure glaucoma, elderly, pregnancy, may cause acute urine retention in rostatic hypertrophy.

Contra-indications: breast feeding.

Side effect: nausea, vomiting anorexia, tachycardia (sometimes bradycardia), arrhythmias, anginal pain, vasoconstriction with hypertension, vasodilation with hypotension, dizziness and flushing, dyspnea, headache, anxiety, restlessness, confusion, psychoses, insomnia, tremor, difficulty in micturition, urine retention, sweating hypersalivation, changes in blood-glucose concentrate in, very rarely angle-closure glaucoma.

Dose: by slow intravenous injection of a solution containing ephedrine hydrochloride 3mg/ml, 3-mg (max 9mg) repeated every 3-4 minutes according to response to max 30mg.