Indications: nocturnal leg cramps; malaria

Cautions: atrial fibrillation, conduction defects, heart block, pregnancy (not in malaria); monitor blood glucose levels during parenteral administration; G6PD deficiency.

Contra-indications: haemoglobinuria; optic neuritis.

Side Effects: cinchonism, including tinnitus, headache, hot and flushed skin, nausea, abdominal pain, rashes, visual disturbances, temporary blindness, confusion; hypersensitivity reactions including angioedema and blood disorders.

Dose: quinine (anhydrous base) 100mg =quinine

bisulfate 169mg = quinine dihydrochloride 122mg = quinine hydrochloride 122mg = quinine sulfate 121mg. Leg cramps: as salts, 200-300mg at bed time.