Cytarabine, a pyrimidine nucleoside analogue, is an antimetabolite antineoplastic, which inhibits the synthesis of DNA.

Indications: induction of remission of acute myeloblastic leukaemia.

Cautions: severe myelosuppression; careful hematological monitoring is necessary.

Contra-indications: Pregnancy & breast feeding

Side Effects: myelosuppression (particularly granulocytopenia); gastrointestinal disturbances; hepatic dysfunction; renal dysfunction; neurotoxicity; bleeding complications; flu-like symptoms.

Dose: Remission induction – IV: 100-200mg /m2/ day for 5 -10 days; second course beginning 2-4 weeks after initial therapy, may be required in some cases.

IT - 5-75mg /m2/ every 2-7 days until CNS findings normalize or age related dosage: < 1 year-20mg; 1-2 years-30mg; 2-3 years-50mg; >3 years- 75mg.

Remission maintenance: – IV: 70-200mg /m2/ day for 2-5 days at monthly intervals.

IM. SC: 1-1.5mg/kg single dose at 1 to 4 weeks intervals.